A cikin ilimin kimiyya na zamani, mafi yawan asirin fiye da yadda yake a kallo na farko. Don haka, an sha masana kimiyya da yawa da yawa: "Shin akwai rai?". Kuma idan haka ne, to yaya ruhanin mutum yayi nauyi?
An kama karatun kimiya da dama don bayyana wadannan batutuwan, tare da sakamakon su na gabatar da sanar da su a cikin kayan yau.
Gwaji "21 grams"
Marubucin ya kasance likita na kimiyyar Amurka Duncan Mac Dougal, wanda ya rayu a birnin Abovorhill Badachusetts. A farkon ƙarni 20, an gudanar da gwaje-gwajen kimiyya da yawa don tabbatar da nauyin ran mutum kuma, saboda haka, tabbatar da gaskiyar kasancewar ta.
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Mac Dougal an jingina daga ka'idar cewa rai yana da nauyin kansa kuma idan ya bar jikin a lokacin mutuwa, raguwa a cikin nauyin jiki ya faru. Kuma idan aka kwatanta banbanci a cikin nauyin masu rai da marigayin, zai yuwu a tabbatar da yawan ruhin ɗan adam yana da ikon yin gaskiyar kimiyya.
Duncan tana da cancantar likita, wurin aikinsa gidan ne ga marasa lafiya tare da tarin fuka - Matsayin Bluion Manor Gobe
A can ne cewa a cikin 1901 Likita ya gina gado na musamman wanda ya dace domin lura da taro na jikin marasa lafiya na mutuwa. An yi nauyin yin la'akari da sikelin masana'antu mai mahimmanci na girman girman da aka yi niyya don ƙayyade nauyin sheochel. Kuskurensu bai wuce grams 5 ba.
Gwajin da kansa shine cewa Macdled sanya marasa lafiya 6 da ke kan gado a gefe. Amfanin likita ya ba da ciwo mara lafiya, saboda suna cikin matakin farko a cikin ƙasa, wanda ya ba da gudummawa don samun ƙarin bayanai daidai.
A lokacin da sanya mai haƙuri a kan gado, an gyara tsarin sikelin a allon sifili. Kuma a nan akwai muhimmin ɓangaren gwaji - ya zama dole don saka idanu a hankali shaidar nauyi, musamman a lokacin mutuwar rayuwar halittar jiki.
Sakamakon ya kasance mai ban tsoro - da asarar nauyin da ya mutu an gyara shi. Bambanci a cikin taro ya ɗan bambanta ga mutane daban-daban, amma a matsakaita game da 21 grams kewayen hannu.
Sakamakon binciken Mac Dougallla an buga shi a cikin 1907 a cikin hanyoyin da aka ƙididdigarwa - The Ilimin Kimiyya ta Amurka da kuma "Jaridar jama'ar Amurka ta kwakwalwa". A cikin mujallar "Magungunan Amurka" mun sami irin wannan bayanin da masana kimiyya suka rubuta:
"Kalli mai haƙuri ya fara 3 hours minti 40 kafin zuciyar da za ta tsaya. An sanya shi a kan gado na musamman a tsaye a cikin tsarin nauyi. A lokaci guda, ya yi ƙoƙarin tsara mafi kyawun yanayi, saboda ya kasance a matakin mutuwar.
Ga 'yan awanni kaɗan da ya kwana a kan gado na musamman, jinkirin, amma tsawan asarar nauyi ya kasance kamar 1 oza (gram 30) awa daya. Dalilinsa shine sakin gumi da kuma fitar da danshi daga yanayin numfashi.
Duk 3 hours da 40 mintuna Na kiyaye kibiya mai tsayi a matakin ɗan ƙara kaɗan - don ƙarin daidaitaccen tabbatar da asarar (idan ta faru). Bayan ƙayyadadden lokaci (3:40 hours), mutuwar mai haƙuri ya faru. A wannan lokacin, kibiya mai nauyi ya faɗi sosai ƙasa, yana yiwuwa a ji har ma da sautin yajin ta a ƙasan sikelin, ya rage jinkirin. Nauyi asarar ya sami damar kafa, ya kasance daidai oza (21 grams).
Irin wannan rashin kwatsam na taro ba zai iya faruwa ba saboda cire danshi na danshi (ta hanyar gabobin numfashi ko gumi), saboda gram) ya rasa oza sittin (0.5 grams) a minti daya. Kuma a cikin minti na mutuwa, akwai canji mai girma da girma da girma a nauyi (21 grams) a cikin 'yan sakan daya kawai.
Hanyoyin motsi na cikin haƙuri na haƙuri kuma ba zai iya haifar da irin wannan tsalle mai nauyi ba, saboda dukan jiki yana kan sikeli. A matakin mutuwa, akwai zaɓi a kan gado kuma tare da babban fitsari ya haifar da jinkirin taro. Amma ba zai iya haifar da raguwa mai nauyi ba.
Kuskuren kuskure ne zai iya faruwa saboda fitar da iska a lokacin mutuwa. Don bincika shi, Ina kwance a kan gado, kuma mataimakata ya rubuta sikelin a cikin tsayayyen matsayi. Zai yuwu a tabbatar da cewa har ma da karfi da numfashi da kemashewa ba su shafi shaidar kayan aikin ba.
Kawai idan hakane, sun yanke shawarar duba abokin aikina. Amma kokarinsa na numfashi kuma ba shi da nasara. Sabili da haka, mun kammala cewa mai haƙuri na farko a cikin faruwar mutuwa ba a iya sauƙaƙa ga 21 grams. Shin zai yiwu a kira waɗannan alkalumman yin la'akari da rai? Idan haka ne, menene zai iya tabbatarwa? ".
Lura da na biyu mutu kuma haifar da gano canji kwatsam a cikin nauyin jiki. Amma a wannan yanayin, masu binciken suna da wuya a kira shi a kira wani daidai lokacin mutuwa na mutuwa, sabili da haka, an tambayace bayanan lambar. Mai haƙuri na uku, yana mutuwa, mara nauyi a cikin gram 45, kuma bayan wasu mintuna 30 - rabi ne don wani nau'i 30.
Mahaifin marasa lafiya suna da matsaloli saboda tsangwama na sauran likitoci, waɗanda abokan adawar na irin wannan gwaje-gwajen.
Amma ga shari'ar ta biyar, a lokacin mutuwa, raguwa a cikin jikin mutum da grams 12 da aka kafa, duk da haka, nauyin da aka juya shi gaba daya a kan lambobi iri daya shi yana raguwa (kuma by 12 grams ). Karshe na ƙarshe da za a iya ɗauka ba da nasara ba: Mutumin ya mutu a lokacin saita injin nauyi, ba zai yiwu a gyara bayanan ba.
Bayan haka, Mac Dougal ya yanke shawarar maimaita karatun, amma riga don halartar ba mutane, amma karnuka goma sha biyar. A cikin mutuwa dabbobi, jikin mutum bai canza cewa ba, bisa ga zato na likita, nuna rashin wani rai a cikin karnuka.
Gwajin Dr. Duncana ya haifar da amsa mai ma'ana: Masu imani da aka yiwa ba wai kawai ta jiki ba. Kodayake, ba shakka, isasshen da masu sukar hanyar sa, wanda ya fara shakkar daidai bayanin bayanan da aka karɓa.
Mafi yawan shakka suna da alaƙa da rashin isasshen iko, da kuma isasshen daidaiton tsarin da aka yi amfani da shi.
Amma ba tare da la'akari da shakku da maganganun ra'ayoyi daban-daban ba, har zuwa yau, babu wani daga cikin masana kimiyya da ke da damar haihuwa game da Mac Dougal. Kuma, yana nufin cewa sakamakon da aka samu daga gare su ba za a iya tabbatar da shi daga ƙarshe ko kuma musanta shi ba.
Gwaji Konstantin Korotkov
Wani yunƙurin binciken kimiyyar cutar da rai a cikin mutum nasa ne ga mu compatriot - Russia Doctor Konstantin Georgivich (Hictor a 1952).
Fiye da shekaru 25, ya shiga bincike da ci gaba, ta amfani da ainihin tsarin kimiyya da falsafa, wanda gabas koyarwar game da rai.
Peru Korobova nasa ne zuwa littattafan 6 da ke akwai don karantawa a Turanci, Jamus da Italiyanci na kimiyyar kimiyya a cikin kimiyyar lissafi da ilmin halitta. Shi kuma marubucin Patents 15 ne. Samun nasarori Farfesa ya sami isasshen darajar duniya da kyau.
Ma'anar Korotkov ta hanyar ma'anar mutumin da mutum ya aiwatar da shi a cikin kulle. An yi amfani da kayan aikin Kayayyaki na musamman don ɗaukar hotunan filin makamashi. Tare da shi, ya ɗauki hotunan gogewar kwanyar kwanan nan sun bushe bayan mutuwa (1-3 hours bayan mutuwa) a cikin barkewar fashewa.
Daga nan sai an karɓi hotunan da aka karɓa zuwa aiki na kwamfuta don sanin canje-canje da tasowa. Tsarin harbi na kowane matacce ya ɗauki daga kwanaki 3 zuwa 5, na ƙarshen ya bambanta a ƙasa da tsufa (maza da mata shekaru 19-70). Hakanan ya bambanta da yanayin mutuwarsu.
Sakamakon binciken, yana yiwuwa a tabbatar kasancewar makamashi mai zafi a kusa da abu, wanda a hankali ya ɓace, yana girma a sarari. Wannan yana aiki a matsayin wata ƙa'idar zartar da wanzuwar membrane mafi girma fiye da jiki.
Ya danganta da sanadin mutuwa, cirewar gas da aka samu a cikin binciken an canza shi sosai:
- A cikin batun kwantar da hankali - akwai canjin hankali a cikin lmascence, wanda ya dade a matsakaici ta tsawon lokacin 16-55 hours;
- Idan an sami mutuwa kwatsam - akwai tsalle-tsalle ko bayan awanni 8, ko a ƙarshen rana ta farko, bayan mutuwa ta kai matakin baya;
- Hakanan, a yanayin mutuwa mai kaifi, canje-canjen makamashi sun fi karfi da kuma dogon lokaci, an bayyana mai haske bayan sa'o'i 24, an tabbatar da ƙarin lura a ƙarshen rana ta biyu.
A ƙarshe, ana iya faɗi cewa masana kimiyya suna yin ƙoƙari da yawa don kimanta gaskiyar yanayin abu na ruhaniya.
Duk da sakamakon mai ban mamaki, masu bincike ba za su iya cewa wani abu 100% ba, saboda duniya ta ruhaniya da dukkan abubuwan da ke ciki sun yi bakin ciki sosai, m zuwa bayanin kimiyya.
Babu wanda zai iya tabbatar da cewa mutane suna da rai ko gano yadda zuciyar mutum ta auna bayan mutuwa (kuma fiye da haka kuma - menene ya faru da ita a cikin duniyar bayan gari).
Haka ne, kuma da gaske masu imani ba sa bukatar tabbatar da tabbaci, fahimtar rai da duk tare da shi kamar yadda Ru'ya ta Yohanna, musamman batun bangaskiya.