Psychoanalysis: malingaliro, oyimira ndi malingaliro oyambira

Pansi pa mawu akuti "Psychoanalysis", akatswiri amati lingaliro la zamaganizidwe, lomwe ndi psychologist wodziwika bwino, psychoyalyst, dokotala wamitsempha ndi wamisala ndi wamisala. Chiphunzitsocho chimachokera mu XIX-20 zaka zambiri, malinga ndi momwe, njira yoyenera yothandizirana yamaganizidwe amapangidwa.

Ngati mukufuna kudziwa za mutu wa psychoanalysis, ndiye kuti ndikulonjezera kuti mudziwe nkhaniyi.

Psychosophy ya psychoanalysis: oyimira kwambiri ndi malingaliro

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Psychoanalysis ndi gawo la zopatsa ndi maluso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito posintha matanthauzidwe a maulalo abodza kudzera pakuyanjana.

Pakati pa mayendedwe oyambira a Psychoanalysis angaperekedwe:

1. Lingaliro la machitidwe aumunthu. Anali woyamba ndipo wachibadwa amadziwika kuti ndi wofunika kwambiri. Monga lamulo, chiphunzitso cha chikhalidwe cha anthu chimaphatikizidwa ndi psychoanalysis kalasi, yoyambitsidwa mu psyyology of Sigmund Freud. Koma mutha kukumana ndi kusiyanasiyana bwino pakugwiritsa ntchito lingaliro ili, ena amakhala ndi kusiyana kwamphamvu kuchokera koyambirira. Monga zitsanzo, psychology yowunikira ya Gustav Jusng kapena psychology ya ADBER (amatumizidwa ku zigawo).
2. Njira zofufuzira zolinga zazikulu za machitidwe a anthu. Psychoanalysis amagwiritsa ntchito ngati chida chachikulu chophunzirira zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto. Tanthauzo la omalizirawo limathandiza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zaulere zaulere.
3. Njira, komanso njira za matenda amisala, Kutengera zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa kusazindikira, kuwonetsa kwa kukana ndi kusamutsa, kudzera mu njira zamaphunziro ndi kutanthauzira. Cholinga chachikulu cha psychoanalysis ndi thandizo lothandiza wodwalayo pakumasulidwa ku njira zobisika zomwe zimapanga mikangano mu psyche (tikukambirana kapena kutsogolera ku mikangano yapadera).

Mafilosofi a Psychoanalysis akupitilizabe. Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za malingaliro oyambilira a fano lamaganizidwe. Amasunga lingaliro la Sigmund Freud, ponena kuti malingaliro amunthu nthawi zonse amakhala osasinthasintha.

Malingaliro onse, zokhumba ndi zochita zonse momwe zikakhala ndi zoyambitsa zomwe zimayambitsa chifukwa cha zolinga kapena zosazindikira. Komanso zochitika zakale zimakhudza mtsogolo. Ngakhale kukhudzika kwathunthu kwa wodwalayo, kuti vuto lake lamavuto sililondola, nthawi zonse pamakhala kulumikizana kwa zochitika zina ndi ena.

Kuvula pa izi, Freud adapanga magawano a psyche ya anthu m'magawo atatu:

• kuzindikira;
• kupatsa;
• osazindikira.

Ganizirani mwatsatanetsatane.

1. Kuzindikila - Amaphatikizapo njira zonse zomwe zimazindikira anthu nthawi zina za moyo wawo.
2. Pezana - imayimira gawo la chigawo cha sazindikira, chomwe chingatuluke "nthawi iliyonse ndikuchoka kudera la chikumbumtima.
3. Wokomuka - Kuyimiriridwa ndi zikhalidwe zosazindikira, zomwe sizikupezeka kwa kuzindikira kulikonse. Palibe chifukwa chogwirizana ndi malingaliro, malingaliro ndi zokumana nazo, zomwe zidachotsedwa mu chikumbumtima, monga munthu amawaona kuti ali odetsedwa komanso oletsedwa. Kwa osadziwa, palibe malire: Makumbukidwe a ana omwe apezeka kuti ali m'dera la chikumbumtima kudzayambitsa zomwe zimachitika kwambiri panthawi yomwe adawonekera.

Malinga ndi Freud, mphamvu zazikulu za psyche ya anthu ndizachilengedwe, kuti, magetsi oyambitsidwa ndi zina. Gulu la chibadwa limayimiriridwa ndi zigawo ziwiri:

• libido - "mphamvu ya moyo";
• Mphamvu yankhanza ndiye "Imfa" ya Imfa ".

Mu lingaliro la Psychoanalysis, libido, kutengera chiwerewere cha munthu, chimawerengedwa. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a libido (mawonekedwe, kuchuluka, kusamuka, kugawa,), ndizotheka kunena zokhudzana ndi kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro m'maganizo, zomwe zidachitika, zochita za wodwala.

Chiphunzitso cha Psychoanalytic cha Freud amapereka mtundu wa psyche:

• (Kapena "ID");
• Ego (kapena "Ine");
• Super (kapena "super-i").

Ayenera kudziwa zambiri.

(Kapena "ID") - imayimira data (Heredity, nzeru) poyamba mwa anthu), osakhudza malamulo omveka. ID yomwe ili mdera la zokopa (Freud adanenapo za kuphatikizika kwa moyo ndi imfa). Imasiyanitsidwa ndi inorgenated ndi zachisokonezo, koma nthawi yomweyo ID imandikhudza kwambiri ndi ine.

Ego (kapena "i") - Machitidwe ndi zochitika zomwe zikukhudza khalidwe, malingaliro oganiza bwino ndi zoteteza. EGG AMAKHALA OGWIRITSA NTCHITO NDI ANTHU OGWIRA NTCHITO ANTHU. Zimayamba kuchokera ku ID kuyambira pomwe mwana amadziwa za mwana ngati munthu. ID imadzaza ego, ndipo ego imapereka chitetezo, ngati coco.

Super (kapena "super-i") - Ndi gawo limodzi la ego, limagwira ntchito zodzitchinjiriza komanso kuwerengera kwamakhalidwe. Maonekedwe a Sperigo amayendetsedwa ndi zovuta za zithunzi za makolo ndi dongosolo lawo. Malinga ndi Sigmund Freud, ntchito zitatu zazikuluzikulu zimaperekedwa kwa 3, zomwe ndi izi:

• chikumbumtima;
• chidwi;
• Ntchito yomwe imapanga malingaliro.

Zonsezi pamwambapa za psyche zikufunika kupereka cholinga chimodzi - kukhalabe ndi cholinga chofuna kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa chisangalalo ndi ngozi, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chosakhutira.

Malinga ndi Freud, mphamvu zomwe zimawonekera zimawonekera mwa ine, ndipo pamwambapa - ndakhazikitsa malire a Pamwamba. , mikangano imabuka.

Masukulu Akuluakulu a Psychoanalysis

Panali zaka zambiri patadutsa zaka zambiri kuyambira mawonekedwe a malingaliro a Psychoanalytic. Kwa nthawi yayitali ngati panali masukulu ndi makina osiyanasiyana a psychoanalysis. Magulu akulu atha kukhala olembedwa:

• Malingaliro achilengedwe omwe amapangidwa ndi Sigmund Freud;
• Ego-psychology - mmenemo, gawo la Psyche ya ego lidzachokera;
• malingaliro a chinthu;
• Sukulu Melanie Klein - Fring Britain Psyychoanalt ya Chiyuda;
• Zojambulajambula za psychoalysis za Jacques Lakan;
• Zamatsenga za Heinz Kohut;
• Wogwirizira Psychoanalysis (harry dip Sullivan ndi Clara Thompson);
• Njira yolowera (Robert Pokorou).

Njira za Psychoanalysis

Yakwana nthawi yoti muwafikire. Pansipa adzaonanso njira zonse zodziwika bwino zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi psychoanalysts, pofotokozera za mawonekedwe awo.

Njira ya mayanjano aulere

Ponena za mayanjano aulere, zimatanthawuza kuti wodwalayo amatchulidwa ndi katswiri wathu, zithunzi zomwe zimachokera kumutu wake. Ndikofunikira kuti dokotala sadzudzula wodwalayo, ngakhale atawafotokozera wosadziwika kapena wosayenera.

Pa gawo la psychoanalysis, muyenera kudzipangira dokotala mu tsatanetsatane wa moyo wanu: kuuza zonse za zinthu wamba (ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku), ndikudziwa za maloto anu, malingaliro, malingaliro anu. Mwambiri, kugawana zinthu zonse zomwe muli nazo nkhawa.

Cholinga chachikulu cha njira zaulere zaulere ndikukwaniritsa kusokoneza malire a njira za kuzindikira njira, ndiye kuti, kupeza ufulu kukhala.

Njira yotanthauzira maloto

Maloto ali ndi mtengo wofunikira kwambiri wamaganizidwe, zomwe zimatheka ndi thandizo la njira yapitayo. M'malo otoma, zoiwala "nthawi zambiri zimabwezeretsedwa kwa munthu, zokhudzana ndi zikhulupiriro zambiri komanso zomwe zimayambitsa.

Maloto ali ndi zomveka komanso zobisika. Pansi pa woyamba kumvetsetsa chifukwa cha zomwe zakumana nazo, zikumbutso zake, momwe amanenera pazomwe adawona m'maloto. Zinthu zobisika ndi mwambi, zimathandizira kuthetsa mabungwe aulere ndi kutanthauzira kwa psychoanalyst.

Adokotala angathandize kuthana ndi mauthenga osazindikira, kotero kuti pambuyo pake amatha kugwiritsa ntchito izi kulumikizana nawo, kusintha kwa moyo.

Njira Yotanthauzira

Kutanthauzira - Machitidwe, ndi thandizo lomwe katswiri amapatsa wodwala wodwalayo atakhala ndi tanthauzo, akufalikira ndi kukulitsa mtengo womwe umaphatikizidwa ndi munthu yemweyo. Pankhaniyi, nthawi zambiri wodwalayo amatsimikizira kukhulupirika kwa kutanthauzira, kupereka zomwezo. Mwachitsanzo, m'maganizo mwake akuukitsa chochitika pamutu womwe dokotalayo ananena.

Ngakhale kutanthauzira sikutsimikiziridwa nthawi zonse.

Cholinga chachikulu cha njirayi ndikuchotsa zochitika zamaganizidwe pamlingo wa chikumbumtima, chifukwa chomwe kumvetsetsa kwawo kuliri umboni, kumatheka kusintha zenizeni.

Njira yosamutsa ndi omvera

Mwakumvetsetsa kwachikhalidwe cha njira yosamutsa, imatanthawuza izi:

• Wodwalayo amasuntha mwachidwi, malingaliro, malingaliro, chikhumbo, ndi zina zambiri, ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa wodwalayo;
• Munthu ayamba kuzindikira adotolo ngati chinthu kuchokera m'mbuyomu;
• Mu mtengo wochulukirapo, njira yowunikira ndi kusamutsa imazindikiridwa kuti ndi malingaliro a mutu wa munthu wina wotchulidwa.

Njira yosamutsa mu psychoalysis imagwira ntchito yovomerezeka, ndipo kugwedeza kwa njirayi ndi chida chothandiza pochiza. Sigmund Freud adati chifukwa cha kukhudzidwa kwa wodwalayo kwa dokotala yemwe ali ndi dokotala wotere, zinthu zoterezi zimawonedwa ngati "wotsutsa" - kapena wotsutsa.

Kumvera - kumayimira kuphatikiza kwa katswiri kwa wodwalayo.

Njira Yosanthula

Kutsutsa nthawi zonse kumayesera kusokoneza pschoanalysissis, komanso kumalepheretsa munthu wanzeru wa wodwalayo. Kutsutsa ndikuyesera kuteteza mavuto a odwala, ndi njira yosinthira.

Freud adalemba izi:

"... njira zotetezera zimatsogolera ku ngozi yomwe ingayesedwenso mobwerezabwereza munjira yochira pakuchira. Izi zimachokera pamenepa kuti kumverera kumadziona kuti ndi ngozi yoopsa. "

Chifukwa chokana, zotsatirazi ndi zodziwika:

• Zimakhudzana ndi kusintha komwe munthu akufuna kupulumuka pamlingo wa kuzindikira, koma pamlingo wa sazindikira;
• Kukana kumaphatikizidwa mu njira zochizira;
• Palibe mitundu yamakhalidwe yomwe singagwiritsidwe ntchito pokana akafika mphamvu kwambiri.

Njira yopezerera kukana imaphatikizapo njira zodziwikiratu, kuzindikira zakukaniza, kupeza zomwe zimayambitsa mawonekedwe ake ndikusankha. Atalimbana ndi kukana, munthu amapeza mwayi woyambira kukwaniritsa zofuna zawo ndikukhudza kuti (kukana).

Ndikukhulupirira kuti mutha kudziwa pang'ono pankhani ya psychoanalysis, zida zazikulu ndi njira. Pomaliza, ndikuganiza kuti ndikuwona vidiyoyi: