Chikunja ku Russia: osaiwalika, koma akadali moyo

Ku Persia ku Russia ndi kuphatikiza kwa malingaliro achikristu okhudzana ndi dziko komanso anthu, zomwe zidatsatira ma slav akale. Iye anali chipembedzo chachikulu komanso chachikulu kwambiri m'boma lakale mpaka 988, pamene ku Russia kunabatizidwa.

Koma ngakhale atakwanitsa zaka za zana la 13, anthu mobisa anapitiliza kutsatira zachikunja, kunyalanyaza zoletsa zolamulira za olamulira. Ndipo ngakhale ziwonetsero zachikunja zomwe zidasinthiratu chikhulupiriro chachikristu, zikhalidwe ndi zikhulupiriro zina zimapitilizabe kuonetsetsa kuti chikhalidwe cha Slavic, miyambo ndi moyo wonse. Masiku ano, pali chitsitsimutso chosachitsikiza cha chidziwitso chachikunja.

Makhalidwe a Chikunja Chakale

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Tazindikira zochepa zokhudzana ndi zipembedzo: Ndime zoyambirira za zambiri za zidziwitso za a Slavs zimati magwero a zaka za zana la 6, pomwe ali pafupi ndi ufumu wa Byzantine. Ambiri a onse amadziwika za Wokalamba wa Slavic of Pervic wa Peun, yemwe mu Pantheon adalandira udindo wa ku Vuzhoztsy, Mulungu wa mphezi ndi Nkhondo.

Ndikothekanso kutanthauza kuti ndi mitundu yotsatirayi ya Prasslavyky:

• Mzimu, mzimu;
• Nava (dziko la akufa, wakufa);
• Paradiso (muyeso wambiri);
• Volkolak (HAWWOL);
• Ghoul (magazi);
• Treba (nsembe).

Chikunja, lingaliro la moyo limasiyana kwambiri ndi amakono, Chikhristu. Chifukwa chake, mzimu sunazindikiritsidwa ngati chinthu chothupi, koma oyimiriridwa mwa munthu yekha, atamwalira mwa Navi.

Makhalidwe Adera

Makhalidwe angapo achikunja ngati dongosolo la zamalowerero, kuti:

• Makolo athu ndi odzipereka chifukwa cha mphamvu zachilengedwe, kuwapembedza;
• Lemekezani kukumbukira kwa zidzukulu zake zazikulu;
• Akhulupirira mbali zina zamphamvu, zomwe zimachitika m'moyo wa munthu ndipo zimazikhudza;
• anali otsimikiza kuti mothandizidwa ndi matsenga, mphamvu zamtundu wina zitha kusinthidwa kukhala njira yoyenera;
• Matenda ogwiritsa ntchito mapemphero ndi njira zachilengedwe zamankhwala.

Popeza palibe lodalirika malemba m'nthano, ndiye zinthu zonse za chikunja wa Asilavo amaperekedwa okha owonjezera: deta ofukula zinthu zakale ndi buku lolembedwa (amafotokoza, amafotokoza ndi zina zotero), komanso umboni yachilendo, ziphunzitso zachikhristu ndi chikunja. Komanso, iwo amafanizira Asilavo deta ndi deta wa mbewu m'mayiko a ku Ulaya (Baltic, aku Iran, German ndi ena).

Pa nthawi yomweyo, yodalirika amatchedwa amatchedwa "ano" (choikidwa 19 ndi 20 zaka) umboni wa miyambo yachikunja chinenero, ethnographic ndi wowerengeka chikhalidwe.

Khalidwe lokonda milungu

Atafufuza mfundo pofukula, komanso familiarized ndi magwero olembedwa, tikuona kuti Asilavo wakale analenga ziboliboli za milungu yawo (otchedwa mafano). Zotsimikizira nkhani anatumikira mitengo ndi miyala. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ndi khalidwe limene mafano a kum'mawa gulu la Asilavo anali chosavuta, wamwano, ndi Western zopangidwa kovuta komanso yokongola kwambiri.

Kulambira kutsogolo kwa mafano zinachitikadi pa sanctoes lotseguka (kudziwika monga Kapieff). Monga ulamuliro, m'malo akachisi, Asilavo anapita ku nkhalango. Kupatulapo kokha Western akunja. N'zoona kuti pali Baibulo kuti akachisi anali matabwa ndi pa nthawi anali chabe anakomoka, popanda kusiya ngakhale.

Pa makoma ankachiritsa miyambo yosiyanasiyana ya kulambira kutsogolo kwa mafano. opatulika nthawi zambiri anakantha, komanso chimoto panja unatenthedwa pa iwo, zosakhalitsa kapena okhazikika. Information kuchokera m'masiku amayankhula za PERUNIs angapo amene adali Novgorod, komanso pa nsomba za. Pali maganizo amene anali tidaonera mu Soviet Union, koma womvera anabisa mfundo imeneyi kwa anthu. Wa promulgated zokumbidwa pansi, inu mukhoza kuyankhula za Zbruch pakati mpatuko.

Tsopano ziphunzitso nthawi zambiri akuwuka za chakuti sanctuations wa North-Western Asilavo anali mapiri, amene sacral zipilala. Sopgia ndi chitunda anapanga pa manda. Mulimonsemo, ndi embankment anali ndi ntchito mwambo kuposa maliro. Ena mwa zotsalira za amenewa opatulika akapezedwe pa nsomba za. Koma Asilavo yoweramitsidwa osati kwa mafano, ngakhale pamaso boulders wopatulika.

kalata yolembedwa ndi Metropolitan Makaria Tsar Ivan Grozny mu 1534 ndi chidwi. Lembali limati za kuteteza "idolism zoipa" mpaka ulamuliro wa Prince Vasily Ivanovich. Ilo likadali akulankhula za ntchito mapemphero "nkhalango ndi miyala ndi mitsinje ndi zithaphwi, magwero ndi mapiri ndi zitunda, dzuwa, ndi miyezi, ndi nyenyezi, ndi nyanja."

Priese

Malinga asayansi ena, mtsogoleri (akugwira malo Prince) mu Asilavo wakale anali utsogoleri, nkhondo ndi achipembedzo ntchito onse nthawi yomweyo.

Kale theka lachiwiri la zaka 1,000, kuyambira kwathu, Slavs amakhala gawo lalikulu, chifukwa chake pali kusiyana kwakukulu muzochitika zawo pagulu:

1. Okhala kumadera akumwera Zimakhala pansi pa mphamvu ya ufumu wa Byzantine (makamaka, chipembedzo chachikhristu), chifukwa pang'onopang'ono anachotsedwa kwa iwo.
2. Kukhala M'madera Akumadzulo Agavs Pakukula kwake patsogolo pa mnzake. Magwero akale amalankhula za zomwe zimakhudza unsembe wawo, pambuyo pake ndi mphamvu zonse zandale.
3. Ponena za gulu lakummawa, Amangokhala ndi unsembe zokha, koma adasokonezedwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwachikhulupiriro chachikhristu. Amakhulupirira kuti Apulogalamu Akum'mawanso anali nawo ansembe m'nthawi yachikristu chisanachitike.

Zowona, mwina zikuwoneka kuti kuchuluka kwambiri, matsenga amatsenga ndi zizindikiro zopambana. Ku Russia wakale, amakhala ndi dzina la Magi, atsogoleri, amatsenga, kumera, kukula, ndi zina zotero.

Anthu oterewa adakwatirana, ndiye kuti, adathandizidwa ndi utsogoleri, miyambo ndi mankhwala achilengedwe. Nthawi yomweyo, ankakonda zamatsenga (chikondi komanso zachinsinsi). Ma miyambo osiyanasiyana adachitidwa, poizoni apadera adapangidwa, manyowa, zithumwa ndi zinthu zina zachinsinsi. Adadzifunsa motsatira njira zosiyanasiyana: mothandizidwa ndi mbalame ndi zofuula zanyama, mu sera, tini.

Momwe Chikristu chasamuka Chikunja

Pofuna kusintha zachikunja za Chikhristu chakale cha Russia, ufumu wa Byzantine udakondwer. Amafunikira kuti amakhulupirira kuti mayiko aliwonse, omwe amatengedwa kuchokera ku Emperor ndi kholo lakale, limatembenuka mosasunthika m'malo a Byzantium. Ndipo kukonza maubwenzi pakati pa Russia ndi Byzantium adalola chipembedzo chachikhristu kuti chikhale chipembedzo cha Russia.

Mbulankhani amati Prince Vladimir poyamba adasankha Chikhristu ngati chipembedzo chake, kenako adasankha kubatiza Russia yonse. Akuti, kalonga yemwe ali ndi malo owazungulira amamvera mishonale ku zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana: Asilamu, Achifwamba achi Roma, Ayuda achiroma ndi "anzeru achigiriki-achigiriki-achigiriki" achi Greek. ".

Amakhulupirira kuti pambuyo pake wolamulira amatumiza anzawo m'malo osiyanasiyana a dzikolo, amawapatsa mwayi wopeza chipembedzo chomwe chingakhale chabwino. Ndipo iwo akubwerera, adayankha kuti zabwino kwambiri - Vera Chigriki.

Asayansi akusonyeza kuti kuvomerezedwa ndi chikhulupiriro chachikhristu kunali kofunikira kwambiri kuti chipembedzo chatsopanochi chizithandiza kuti chipembedzo chatsopanochi chithandizire kwaulamuliro ndi malingaliro a olamulira a Kievan Rus.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, mawu oyamba a kalonga Vladimir Mkhristu chikhulupiriro mu Russia anali kokha poyambira pa ntchito imeneyi. Pambuyo pake, dziko lapachino pang'onopang'ono linatulika, linaiwalika, silinatambasula kwa zaka zambiri, koma zaka zambiri.

Panthawi ya ulamuliro wa Vladimir, Chikristu changolanda banja lake lokha, gulu. Gawo lalikulu la anthu linapitilizabe kumamatira ku mapani mpaka m'zaka za zana la 11. Ngakhale ngakhale mu theka loyambirira la zaka za zana la 12, malingana ndi chidziwitso kuchokera ku The wakale wakale, anthu akadachitabe chipembedzo chachikunja.

Mpaka pakati pa zaka za zana la 13, pa zofukulidwa zofukula zakale, a Slav adapitilizabe kuchita miyambo yachikunja. Ndipo pa luso Akutsatira a nthawi imeneyo, kapena zochepa kutchulidwa zizindikiro achikunja kunachokera. Ndipo tikulankhula za mizinda yayikulu, ndipo m'midzi ndi midzi, Pamenepo, poyambitsa chikhristu chidachezeka.

Oyimira m'badwo wachitatu ndi omwe angaganizidwe ndi Akhristu olemekezeka kwambiri ku Russia atasainidwa, omwe amakhala ku Yaroslav Mudrome.

Ndipo ngakhale olamulira adaletsa zoletsa zambiri, zachikunja zomwe sizikuwoneka ngati zopanda pake mu orthodoxy, miyambo yamuyaya m'miyambo ya Russia. Ndipo lero, anthu ambiri amatsatira mwambo Asilavo maholide: Maslenitsa, Ivan Kupala, ndi Shin, woyera Lachinayi, Great ndi ena.

Ndipo ngakhalenso - tsopano, pazaka makumi angapo zapitazi, momwe zimakhalira pang'onopang'ono chikhalidwe cha Scivic chinayamba kuonedwa. Pali madera ambiri omwe amabwezeretsa miyambo ya anthu ndikubweretsa aliyense kwa iwo onse. Amawululira kwa anthu chidziwitso, nthawi yayitali kwambiri yomwe ili m'mabwinja, omwe amathandizira kuti apange moyo wawo wachimwemwe komanso wathanzi komanso wopambana.

Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri pamutuwu, ndiye ndikukulangizani kuti mudziwe bwino vidiyo yotsatirayi: