Mu gihembwe "psychoanalysis", inzobere zibona igitekerezo cya psychologiya, ari we wanditse ari umwanditsi w'imitekerereze ya Austrical Oticaringy, psychologustaly, psylogst, umuganga w'ikibuga na psychistrist sigmund Fthud. Theory yaturutse muri XIX-20, ishingiyeho, uburyo bukwiye bwo kuvura bwo mumutwe.
Niba ushishikajwe no kumenya kubyerekeye ingingo ya psychoanalyse, noneho ndasaba kumenyana nibi bikoresho.
Psychosophy ya psychoanalysis: Abahagarariye ibyingenzi nibitekerezo
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Psychoanalyse ni urutonde rwibiteganijwe nuburyo bwakoreshejwe mugusobanura gusobanura amahuza yisubiramo binyuze mubikorwa byubukwe.
Mu byerekezo shingiro ya psychoantelses birashobora gutangwa:
- Inyigisho yimyitwarire yumuntu. Yabaye uwambere kandi kugeza ubu afatwa nkimwe mubyingenzi. Nk'itegeko, inyigisho y'imyitwarire y'abantu ifitanye isano na psychoanalysis ya kera, yatangijwe muri psychologiya ya Sigmund Freud. Ariko urashobora guhura kandi utandukanye cyane mugukoresha iyi nyigisho, bamwe bafite itandukaniro ryamasemburo ziva ahantu h'umwimerere. Nkurugero, psychologiya ya psychologiya ya Gustav Jung cyangwa psychologiya ya Adler (yoherejwe kuri neupers).
- Uburyo bwubushakashatsi bwimpamvu nyamukuru yimyitwarire yumuntu. Psychoanalysis ikoresha nkigikoresho nyamukuru cyo kwiga motifyo yibanze itera indwara. Igisobanuro cya nyuma gifasha gukoresha uburyo bwamashyirahamwe yubuntu.
- Buryo, hamwe nuburyo bwo kwigirira imitekerereze yo mumitekerereze, Ukurikije isesengura ryavuzwe haruguru kwibigaragaza ubwenge, kwigaragaza no kwimura, binyuze mubuhanga bwo kwiga no gusobanura. Intego nyamukuru ya psychoanalysise irafasha neza kubarwayi mu kwibohora muburyo bwihishe butera amakimbirane muri psyche (tuvuga ibyingenzi cyangwa biganisha ku makimbirane yihariye).
Filozofiya ya psychoanalysise. Noneho reka tuvuge kubitekerezo byibanze byiki gitekerezo cya psychologiya. Afite igitekerezo cya Sigmund Freedi, avuga ko imiterere yumuntu ihora ihamye.
Ibitekerezo byose, ibyifuzo nibikorwa mubihe byose bifite imizi byagombaga kubera imigambi cyangwa idahwitse. Kandi, ibyabaye muri kahise bigira ingaruka mugihe kizaza. Nubwo umurwayi yubahiriza byuzuye, ko ikibazo cye cyo mu mutwe kidatsindishirizwa, burigihe hariho guhuza amasako yibyabaye hamwe nabandi.
Kwiyambura aya makuru, Freud yakoze igabana rya psyche yabantu mu turere 3:
- ubwenge;
- INSHINGANO;
- ubwenge.
Tekereza ko birambuye.
- Imyumvire - Harimo inzira zose zizi abantu mugihe icyo aricyo cyose cyubuzima bwabo.
- Agaciro - Yerekana igipimo cyakarere kidafite ubwenge, gishobora "kugaragara" igihe icyo aricyo cyose hanyuma ujye hanze mukarere k'ubwenge.
- Ubwenge - ihagarariwe nubushake butaziguye, butaboneka kubushake mubihe byose. Utazi ubwenge bwuzuzwa nibitekerezo, ibyiyumvo nubunararibonye, byasohojwe bidasubirwaho kubera ubwenge, nkuko umuntu abibonanaga kandi birabujijwe. Kubanga nta ubwenge, nta gihe cyibuka: kwibuka abana basanze muri zone yimitekerereze bizatera imyitwarire minini nko muriki gihe bagaragaye.
Nk'uko Bres Feud, imbaraga nyamukuru zingenzi za psypsche yabantu ni ugushaka, ni ukuvuga voltage igamije intego runaka. Itsinda ryimitsi ihagarariwe nibice bibiri:
- libido - "imbaraga zubuzima";
- Ingufu zikaze ni "Inkomoko y'urupfu".
Mu nyigisho za psychoanalysise, Libido, ukurikije imiterere yimibonano mpuzabitsina yumuntu, yigasuzuguro. Ukurikije ibiranga Libido (Kugaragara, ubwinshi, kwimura, gukwirakwiza), birashoboka gufata umwanzuro kubijyanye nibitekerezo, uburambe, ibikorwa byumurwayi.
Igitekerezo cya psychoanalytic ya Freud gitanga icyitegererezo cyibice bya psyche:
- (Cyangwa "id");
- Ego (cyangwa "i");
- Kwiyitaho cyane (cyangwa "super-i").
Bagomba kumenya muburyo burambuye.
(Cyangwa "ID") - Yerekana amakuru (kuragira, imitekerereze) mubyo mbere mubantu), ntabwo bigira ingaruka kumategeko yumvikana. Indangamuntu ni ahantu hahumanye (Freud yavuze kwinjiza ubuzima nurupfu). Ifite inenge yatewe n'imiterere kandi akajagari, ariko icyarimwe id irangize cyane kuri njye kandi hejuru-i.
Ego (cyangwa "i") - Ibyakozwe nurugero bireba imyitwarire, imitekerereze igira ubwenge nuburyo bwo kurinda. Ego iragumaho guhura nabantu bakikije abantu. Itangira kuri ID kuva umwana azi umwana nkumuntu. Indangamuntu yuzuye ego, kandi ego itanga indangamuntu yo kurinda, nka cocon.
Kwigaragaza cyane (cyangwa "super-i") - Ni igice cya ego, gikora imirimo yo kwikunda no kugereranya imico. Imiterere ya Speego iterwa nubuhanga bwibishusho byababyeyi hamwe na sisitemu yagaciro. Nk'uko Sigmund Freud, 3 Imirimo 3 nyamukuru ihabwa 3 ya mbere, ni ukuvuga:
- Umutimanama;
- kwitiranya;
- Imikorere itanga ibitekerezo.
Ibice byose byavuzwe haruguru bya psyche kugirango bitanga intego imwe - kugirango dukomeze gushyira mu gaciro ibyifuzo biganisha ku kwiyongera no akaga, bikavuka kubera kutanyurwa.
Ukurikije Feud, imbaraga zagaragaye muri yo zigaragarira muri njye, kandi hejuru - nashizeho imipaka kuri ya. Ariko, uzirikanaga ko ibikenewe byo hejuru - Ndi hanze akenshi bivuguruzanya, nkigisubizo , havuka amakimbirane.
Amashuri nyamukuru psychoantelse
Hariho ibinyejana byinshi kuva isura yimitekerereze ya psychoanalytic. Mugihe kirekire cyane hari amashuri n'amabwiriza atandukanye ya psychoanalyse. Ibyiciro byingenzi birashobora kurutonde:- Igitekerezo cya kera cyo kubitsa byakozwe na Sigmund Fthun;
- Ego-psychologiya - Muri yo, igice cya psyche ya ego kiza imbere;
- Igitekerezo cyimibanire;
- Ishuri Melanie Klein - Mwschologiriyeli Tyschoanaly Inkomoko y'Abongereza;
- Imitekerereze yimitekerereze ya Jacques Lakan;
- Kwikunda-psychologiya ya Heinz Kohut;
- Umuganga wa Psychoanalysis (Harry Stack Sullivan na Clara Thompson);
- Uburyo bwo Kwegera (Robert Pokorau).
Uburyo bwa psychoanalysis
Igihe kirageze cyo kubegera. Hasi uzafatwa nkuburyo buzwi buzwi cyane na psychoanasts translands, hamwe nibisobanuro byibintu byabo.
Uburyo bw'amashyirahamwe kubuntu
Ku bijyanye n'amashyirahamwe yubusa, bivuze ko umurwayi avugwa na Videli Ibyifuzo byose, amashusho avuka kumutwe. Ni ngombwa ko umuganga atanenga umurwayi, nubwo bagaragaje bidasobanutse cyangwa ntibakwiriye.Ku isomo rya psychoanalysis, ugomba kumara kuri umuganga mubisobanuro byose byubuzima bwawe: Kuvuga byombi kubintu bisanzwe (akazi, ibibazo bya buri munsi), kandi byimbitse mu nzozi zawe, ibyiyumvo byawe, ibitekerezo, ibyabaye, ibitekerezo. Muri rusange, gusangira ibintu byose uhangayikishijwe nibyo uko byagenda kose.
Intego nyamukuru yuburyo bwamashyirahamwe yubuntu ni ukugera kubungabunga imipaka yimikorere yimiterere kandi bidasobanutse, ni ukuvuga, kubona umudendezo wo kubaho.
Uburyo bwo gusobanura Inzozi
Inzozi zifite agaciro k'imitekerereze ikomeye, gusobanukirwa byabyo birashoboka hamwe nubufasha bwuburyo bwabanje. Mu nzozi, "ibitekerezo" bikunze gusubizwa umuntu, bifitanye isano rya hafi nibibazo byihariye.
Inzozi zifite ibintu byera kandi byihishe. Munsi yambere yumvikana nuburambe bwumuntu, ibyo yibuka, uburyo avuga kubyo yabonye mu nzozi. Ibirimo byihishe ni igitekerezo, gifasha gukemura amashyirahamwe yubusa no gusobanura psychoanalyst.
Muganga azafasha guhangana nubutumwa butavometse, kugirango bushobore gukoresha aya makuru kugirango babone neza nabo, impinduka nziza mubuzima.
Uburyo bwo gusobanura
Gusobanura - gukora nk'ubutumwa, hifashishijwe inzobere iha umurwayi uyirwayi - yagaragarije umurwayi uzwi cyane afite ibisobanuro bifatika, byagutse kandi byimbitse agaciro k'umuntu ubwe. Muri uru rubanza, akenshi umurwayi yemeza ubudahemuka bwibisobanuro, atanga reaction ikwiye kuri yo. Kurugero, mubyibuka kwe kuzura ibirori kumuganga wavuze.Nubwo ibisobanuro bitemezwa mubihe byose.
Intego nyamukuru yubu buryo ni ugukuraho ibintu byo mumutwe kurwego rwubwenge, tubikesheje gusobanukirwa ubwabyo byorohereza, birashoboka kunonosora ukuri.
Uburyo bwo Gusesengura no Kwimura
Mu gusobanukirwa gakondo uburyo bwo kohereza, bisobanura intambwe zikurikira:
- Umurwayi yimukiye mu mutwe, ibitekerezo, ibitekerezo, kwifuza, nibindi, biva mubihe byashize, bifite akamaro kanini kubarwayi;
- Umuntu atangira kumenyana na muganga nkikintu nahise ye;
- Mu gaciro gakomeye, uburyo bwo gusesengura no kwimura bufatwa nkimyifatire yumutima yumuntu ku rundi rusobanurwa nubunararibonye bwayo.
Tekinike yohereje muri psychoanalysis ikora nkicyiciro giteganijwe, kandi decoding yiyi nzira nigikoresho cyiza muri therapy. Sigmund Freud yavuze ko bitewe n'ingaruka z'umurwayi umuganga utazi ubwenge, ibintu nk'ibi byagaragaye nk '"kwimura" - cyangwa kureremba.
Ihanganye - zerekana ihuriro ryibisubizo bidasobanutse byinzobere kubiranga umurwayi.
Uburyo bwo Kurwanya Isesengura
Kurwanya buri gihe ugerageza guhungabanya psychoanalysise, kandi bikabuza ego yubwenge yumurwayi. Kurwanya biragerageza kurinda imibabaro yumurwayi, ni uburyo bwo kurwanya imihindagurikirerere yagenwe.
Freud yanditse ibi bikurikira kuri ibi:
Ati: "... uburyo bwo kurinda bugana ku kaga katoroshye nongeye gusubirwamo muburyo bwo kurwanya gukira mugihe cyo kuvura. Bikurikiraho ko Ego ibona gukira ubwabyo ari akaga gashya. "
Kurwanya, ibikurikira biraranga:
- Bifitanye isano nimpinduka umuntu ashaka kubaho kurwego rwubwenge, ariko kurwego rwibidafite ubwenge;
- Kurwanya bikubiye mubikorwa bya therapeutic;
- Nta buryo bwimyitwarire idashobora gukoreshwa murwego rwo kurwanya iyo bageze imbaraga nyinshi.
Uburyo bwo gusesengurana bukubiyemo inzira yo kumenya, kumenya kurwanya, kumenya imbaraga zigaragara no gushushanya. Mumaze guterwa no kurwanya, umuntu abona amahirwe yo gutangira gukora ibyo byifuzo kandi bigira ingaruka (kurwanya) bihisha.
Nizere ko ushobora kumenya bike mu gitekerezo cya psychoanalyse, ibikoresho byingenzi nuburyo. Hanyuma, ndasaba kureba amashusho yibanze: