Ubwonko bwumuntu numubiri wihariye utizwe neza. Irakora ubudacogora kuva tuvuka no "kuzimya" nyuma y'urupfu. Mugihe cyibitotsi, ahantu hihishe ubwitange bukoreshwa, tubikesha tubona amakuru muburyo bwamashusho, bizagorana gusobanura nta bumenyi bukenewe. Nahoraga nizera ko inzozi atari umuyoboro gusa, imishinga yo mu bwonko ishingiye ku bintu byiboneye, kandi ibyifuzo bituma ibimenyetso byingenzi. Igitabo cyinzozi cyinzozi cya Jung cyemeje neza igitekerezo cyanjye kandi cyigisha gusobanura neza amakuru yakiriwe.
Amateka yo Gushiraho Umusemuzi
Karl Gustav Jung yavukiye mu Busuwisi mu 1875, mu muryango wa Pasiteri w'itorero ryavuguruye. Amaze gukura, ntiyashakaga kujya mu kirenge cya Data, ahubwo yafashe icyemezo cyo kuzungura sogokuru na sekuru, bari abaganga. Jung yinjiye muri kaminuza muri Basel arangije neza abarimu b'ubuvuzi. Hanyuma mu 1900, yagiye i Zurich, atura mu ivuriro ry'indwara zo mu mutwe, aho yakoraga imyaka 6 ari we umufasha wo kuba umufasha wo kuba umwitero w'indwara zo mu mutwe E. Blair.
Mu bikorwa bye, Gustav yateguye uburyo bwo kwishyira hamwe, hashingiwe kuri psychologiya isesengura. Iki cyerekezo muri psychologiya yimbitse byagize uruhare mu iterambere ryayo nka siyanse. Byongeye kandi, gufungura Jung byagize ingaruka kumirenge minini yubumenyi, nkuwababaye mu gaco, ubwoko, pedagogy.
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Ihinduka ry'imibereho ya Gustav ryari rimenyereye Fthul, uwo yakoranye imyaka 5. Umukobwa wo mu mutwe w'ikindi mu mirimo ye yakunze kwishingikiriza ku bumenyi n'uburambe bw'abagenzi be babishoboye, ariko igihe cyari kigeze gihinduka. Nyuma yigabunge menshi, Jung yavumbuye amakosa kandi atavuguruzanya mu magambo ya Sigmund, bityo atangira gukora neza mu bundi buryo bwo kwerekana ibitekerezo byayo n'ibitekerezo.
Mu myaka y'ubuzima bwe, Gustav yanditse ibitabo byinshi, gusubiramo no gutanga impamyabumenyi, ariko umwe mu bitamamare cyane ni umusemuzi w'inzozi. Igitekerezo cyo kubaho muri psysche yumuntu kugiti cye no guhuriza hamwe bitagira ubwenge byemewe n'amategeko. Byongeye kandi, icyambere nigaragaza imico yihariye nibiranga buri muntu, no mu bya kabiri - uburambe n'ubumenyi bw'ibisekuruza byahoze. Muyandi magambo, inzozi zirimo ibimenyetso byingenzi byitwa archetypes, bikubiyemo amakuru yingenzi yanduzwa nubwitonzi bwabantu.
Kubantu basanzwe, agaciro k'abakonzi ntirushobora kumvikana, kuko Mubisanzwe bifitanye isano namahanga n'amateka ya kera. Niyo mpamvu mugihe cyo gusinzira, urashobora kubona ibintu byinyeshyamba rwose, mubyukuri byuzuye ibisobanuro. Gushushanya neza inyuguti nibibanza birashobora kubwira umuntu mubihe byubu, kandi nabyo bizavuga hafi y'ejo hazaza.
Ibisobanuro Dreamnika
Dukurikije Jung, inzozi nikintu cyingenzi mubuzima bwacu, kuko bafasha kugarura amarangamutima no guteza imbere imirimo yo mumutwe. Ariko, mubyongeyeho, barashobora gufasha kubona ibisubizo kubibazo byingenzi ndetse bikanaburira ibintu byose bizabaho mugihe cya vuba. Ikintu nyamukuru nukwiga kumenya neza ibimenyetso bigaragara mu nzozi, ibyo, ukurikije Gustav, ni agaciro gakomeye kuri buri muntu.
Jung Yize Inzozi na archetypes imyaka irenga 50 hanyuma bagera ku mwanzuro w'uko amashusho yagaragaye ari aya mashusho y'ibigani ya kera. Mubisanzwe, niba umuntu ari kure yamateka namagambo, ntashobora kumva amakuru avuga ko ibyifuzo byo kuvuga bigerageza gutanga.
Umutego wa psychologue yagabanije inzozi zubwoko 2:
- Intego. Ikibanza cyerekeza kumuntu kandi kigaragaza inyuguti nyayo. Kurugero, Data ni papa, mushiki wawe ni mushiki wawe.
- Bifatika. Ishushanya kimwe mubice byinzozi ubwayo, ibiranga imico cyangwa ibintu bitazwi byumuntu.
Niba ibisobanuro byubwoko bwa mbere bwinzozi birasobanutse neza, noneho ingorane zirashobora kuvuka. Byongeye kandi, gukaraba ibivuga ko umuntu wese yiteguye kwakira ibizabona, kuko ibibanza bimwe bishobora gutera ubwoba. Kurugero, kugira umwicanyi wumusazi, gushishikarira abantu, byerekana imyifatire ibabaje hamwe nizuba ryica. Byongeye kandi, abavuzi ba Gestalt bemeza ko imico idashingiye gusa yerekana ibintu byihishe byimiterere, ariko nanone ibintu bidafite ubuzima.
Gustav yazanye ingero zikurikira za archetypes zinzozi zifatika, zigaragaza uruhande runaka rwumuntu:
- Umuntu ni ishusho Inzozi zerekana abandi, ariko ntabwo ari ukuri kwe "i".
- Igicucu nigice gifite intege nke cyibidukikije bitera uruhande rwibintu, nkuburakari cyangwa ishyari.
- Umwana cyangwa umumarayika ni ukuri "i" yumuntu, abanyantege nke kandi bahita. Akenshi byerekana ubushobozi bwihishe bwumuntu.
- Umupaki ni umupadiri, inzererezi cyangwa se. Archetype nkiyi igereranya ubwenge nimbaraga zumwuka.
- Nyina ukomeye ari mu nzozi muburyo bwababyeyi, abarozi, abamikazi cyangwa ibikomangoma kandi byerekana uburumbuke, iterambere no gukura, haba mu ntera, haba mu mwuga ndetse n'umwuga.
Kumenya icyo umuntu cyangwa ubundi buryo bwa archetype bisobanura, umuntu aziga kumenya imyumvire yihishe yimyitwarire ye, kandi ikorana ibintu byahagaritswe mbere na kamere yabo. Rero, azagera ku gusobanukirwa rwose "Njye" kandi kandi azagenzura rwose ku byiciro bye n'ubuzima muri rusange.
Nubwo Gustav kuba Gustav mubyukuri mu nzozi ze yahaye ibisobanuro kuri hamwe ibimenyetso byisi, yizeraga ko hamwe no gusobanura inzozi byari ngombwa kuzirikana umugambi wagaragaye wose nibihe byinzozi. Muri iki kibazo, umuntu azashobora kubona ibisubizo byo guhungabanya ibibazo no kumva uburyo bwo kunoza umwanya we.