Persianism muRussia musanganiswa wepfungwa dzechiKristu dzisati dzagara dzisati dzasvika pamusoro penyika uye vanhu, izvo zvakaomerera kune vanamasvuri vekare. Iye aive mukuru uye chitendero chikuru mune yekare yeRussia nyika kusvika 988, apo rubhabhatidzo rweRussia rwakabhabhatidzwa.
Asi kunyangwe mushure, kusvika pamakore makumi mashanu ezana ramakore rechi 13 yezana ramakore rechi 13, vanhu vakaramba vachivanza pachivande kuchihedheni, vachiregeredza kurambidzwa kwekutonga. Uye kunyangwe kana chihedheni chengarava chakatsiva kutenda kwechiKristu, mamwe etsika uye zvitendero zvakaramba zvichikonzera kukanganisa kwetsika dzechisimba, tsika uye hupenyu hwese. Mazuva ano, kune rumutsiriro rakatsanangurwa rwechihedheni ruzivo.
Hunhu hwechihedheni yechihedheni yekare russia
Tsvaga kuti chii chakamirira iwe nhasi - horoscope yeanhasi kune ese ezviratidzo zvese zodiacNevanyoreri vevanyoreri, isu takagadzirira horoscope chaiyo yekunyorera foni mbozha. Kufanotaura kuchauya kune yako zodiac chiratidzo mangwanani ega ega - hazvigoneke kupotsa!
Dhawunirodha Mahara: Horoscope yezuva rega rega 2020 (inowanikwa pane Android)
Tasvika ruzivo rudiki kwazvo nezvezvitendero zvevatadzi Zvizhinji zvevese zvinozivikanwa nezvechinyakare chakasarudzika chePerun, uyo mumuhedheni wechihedheni akawana basa reRuzhozhtsy, iye Mwari wemheni nehondo.
Izvo zvakare zvinokwanisika kuratidza mhando dzinotevera dzepfungwa dzePraslavyansky:
- Mweya, mweya;
- Nava (nyika yevakafa, vakafa);
- Paradhiso (zvimwe zviyero);
- Volkolak (werewolf);
- Ghoul (Ropa);
- Treba (chibayiro).
Muchihedheni, pfungwa yemweya yakasiyana chaizvo kubva pamazuva ano, muKristu. Saka, mweya wakaziva kuti kwete sangano rekunyama, asi dzaimiririrwa nenzira yemunhu iye amene, mushure mekufa kwemuviri kwaNavani achienda.
Hunhu chaihwo
Hunhu hwenhamba dzinoverengeka dzechihedheni sehurongwa hweWorldview, kureva:
- Madzitateguru edu anokanganisirwa mumasimba nemasoja echisikigo, achivanamata;
- akakudza ndangariro dzevazukuru vake vakuru;
- vakatenda mune mamwe masimba, ayo anoitika muhupenyu hwemunhu uye achizvibata zvakananga;
- vakagutsikana kuti nerubatsiro rwemashiripiti, kukanganiswa kwemamwe marudzi esimba kunogona kuchinjwa hupenyu hwayo munzira kwayo;
- Akarukwa ezvirwere achishandisa minamato uye nzira dzemishonga yemusango.
Sezvo pasina zvinyorwa zvechokwadi zvechinyorwa, ipapo ruzivo rwese rwechihedheni rwunopihwa zvakasarudzika kune zvinyorwa zvechisere: data rekuchera matongo Mukuwedzera, ivo vanofananidza slavic data nedatha yeiyo yakasara yeIndo-European zvirimwa (Baltic, Iranian, ChiGerman nevamwe uye nevamwe).
Panguva imwecheteyo, akavimbika anonzi "zvazvino" (zvinokatyamara kusvika pamazana emakore anosvika makore 19 uye makumi maviri) yeuchapupu hwechihedheni yemitauro, eThnographic uye munhu wechisikigo.
Mafungiro akananga kune vamwari
Mushure mekuongorora ruzivo rwekuchera matongo, uyezve zvakajairidzwa nezvinyorwa zvakanyorwa, tinoona kuti mauto ekare akasika mauto evamwari vavo (anonzi zvidhori). Kugadzira zvinhu zvakashumirwa huni nematombo. Panguva imwecheteyo, unoratidza kuti zvifananidzo zveboka reMabvazuva reSlavs vaive vari nyore, vakarurama, uye vakawedzera kuomesesa uye vakawedzera kukwirisa.
Kunamata pamberi pezvidhori kwakaitwa pane yakavhurika tsimeoloes (inozivikanwa sekapieff). Semutemo, panzvimbo petemberi, marara akaenda kudondo. Kunze kunongova vechihedheni vekumadokero chete. Chokwadi, pane vhezheni iyo matemberi aive nehuni uye nekufamba kwenguva ivo vakangodonha, vasina kusiya vasina tsvaga.
Pamadziro akaitwa tsika dzakasiyana siyana dzekunamatira pamberi pezvifananidzo. Iyo nzvimbo tsvene yaiwanzorohwa, zvakare bonfires yakapiswa pavari, kwenguva pfupi kana isingagumi. Ruzivo kubva kuMakroniki vanotaura nezvevazhinji perunis, yaive muNovgorodhi, pamwe nePerch. Pane fungidziro yekuti vakawanikwa munguva dzezvinowanikwa, asi chakanyatsovanzika ichi kubva kuhuwandu. Of the wakatsvitswa kuchera matongo, unogona kutaura nezveZbruch Crate Center.
Zvino dzidziso dzinowanzoitika dzichiuya nezvenyaya yekuti kutsveneswa kwesimba rekuchamhembe-mauto maWorters vaive makomo, ayo ari mhandara dzevapambi. Sopgia murwi wakagadzirwa pamakuva. Chero zvazvingaitika, kusimbemerwa kwakave nebasa retsika kupfuura mariro. Zvimwe zvezvisikwa zvezvimbo dzakadai zvinogona kuwanikwa pane muchengeti. Asi masimbi akakotama kwete kuzvifananidzo chete, uye pamberi pematanda anoyera.
Tsamba yacho yakanyorwa naMetropolitan Makaria Tsar Ivan Grozny muna 1534 inonakidza. Inorava nezve kuchengetedzwa kwe "chidhori chakaipa" kusvikira pakutonga kwemuchinda Vily Ivanovich. Zvichiri kutaura nezve kushandiswa kweminyengetero "masango nematombo nenzizi, uye makomo nemakomo, uye nyeredzi, nemakumbo."
Pamhepo
Maererano nemamwe masayendisiti, mutungamiri (akabata post of Prince) mumaSlavs yekare aive nemauto ezvose anotonga, zvehondo uye zvechitendero mabasa panguva imwe chete.
Watova muhafu yechipiri yegumi nemireniyumu, nguva yedu, marara anogara mundima yakawanda, uye saka pane musiyano mukukura kwavo pachena:
- Vagari vekumaodzanyemba matunhu Zvinozova pasi pesimba rakasimba reByzantine Humambo (kunyanya, chitendero chechiKristu), saka vanobviswa zvishoma nezvishoma kubva kwavari.
- Kugara mumatunhu ekumadokero Slavs Mukuvandudzwa kwaro pamberi pomumwe. Rudzi rwekare runotaura nezve zvakakanganisa zvikuru muupristi, pakazotevera nesimba rose rezvematongerwo enyika.
- Kana iri chikamu chekumabvazuva, Ivo vaingova nehupirisita, asi hwakavhiringidzwa nekugadzwa kwekutenda kwechiKristu. Zvinotendwa kuti mauto ekumabvazuva aive nevapirisita munguva yechiKristu isati yasvika.
Chokwadi, zvinogona kuitika kuti dzimwe nhamba, varoyi uye zviratidzo zvakakunda. MuRussia yeRussia, vanotakura zita revaMagi, vatungamiriri, n'anga, kadeniciki, richikura, zvichingodaro.
Vanhu vakadaro vaiita chiratidzo, kureva kuti, vakabatwa nerubatsiro rwehutungamiri, tsika nemishonga yemusango. Panguva imwecheteyo, ivo vaiita mashiripiti epamba (rudo uye hunhu hwemunhu). Tsika dzakasiyana-siyana dzakaitwa, dzinokosha potions dzakagadzirwa, talismans, marcha uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinoshamisa. Vakashamisika nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana: nerubatsiro rweshiri nemhuka kupururudza, mu wax, tin.
Maitiro EchiKristu Akadzinga Paganism
Kuti vatsive kuchihedheni kwechiKristu chekare cheRussia, humambo hweByzantine hwaifarira. Aidiwa, sezvo zvaitendwa kuti chero nyika, yakatora chiKristu kubva kuna mambo uye tateguru, anotendeudza default ye byzantium. Uye kuchengetedza kwehukama pakati peRussia neByzantium vakabvumira chitendero chechiKristu kuti chiwedzerwe mumamiriro ekunze.
Mbabvu nharo dzinopokana kuti muchinda Vladimir pakutanga akasarudza chiKristu sekutenda kwake, obva afunga kubhabhatidza kuRussia ese. Anonzi, Muchinda ane nzvimbo dzake dzakapoterera akateerera mamishinari kubva kumasangano akasiyana-siyana: VaMuslim Hullaram, maGerman weRoma, maKhazar "nevazivi vechiGiriki".
Zvinotendwa kuti mushure mekunge mutongi anotumira shamwari munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzenyika, achivapa basa rekuwana kuti chitendero chichava chakanakisa. Uye avo, vanodzoka, vakapindura kuti vakanyanya kunaka - Vera ChiGeriko.
Masayendisiti anoratidza kuti kutendera kwekutenda kwechiKristu kwakapesvedzerwa zvakanyanya nekufungisisa kuti chitendero chitsva: Zvakanga zvichisimbiswa nechitendero chechitendero uye chemafungiro ehurumende uye zviremera zvevatongi veKievan ku.
Panguva imwecheteyo, sumo yemuchinda Vladimir yechiKristu kutenda muRussia yaive chete nzvimbo yekutanga mune izvi. Pashure paizvozvo, iyo nyika yechihedheni zvishoma nezvishoma yakabuda, yakakanganikwa, yakanga isiri kutambanudza kwemakore, asi makumi emakore mazhinji.
Munguva yekutonga kweVladimir, chiKristu chakagashira mhuri yake chete, mapoka. Chikamu chakakura chevanhu chakaramba chichiomerera kumapaneru kusvika muzana ramakore rechigumi nemana. Kunyangwe kunyange nehafu yekutanga yezana ramakore regumi nemaviri, maererano neruzivo rwechiratidzo chekare, vanhu vachiri kuita zvechitendero chechihedheni.
Kusvikira pakati pezana ramakore rechi 13, pane zvekuchera matongo, marara akaramba achiita tsika dzechihedheni. Uye mune iyo iripo yehunyanzvi yenguva idzodzo, zvimwe kana kushoma kurondedzerwa zviratidzo zvechihedheni zvinoteedzerwa. Uye tiri kutaura nezvemaguta makuru, uye seMisha mikuru nemisha, ipapo mumaoko ekuzivisa chiKristu kwaive kwakanyanya zvishoma nezvishoma.
Vamiriri chete vechizvarwa chechitatu vanogona kunzi maKristu akazara-ainetswa mushure meRussia akasainwa, izvo zvavaigara muYarosolav mudrome.
Uye kunyangwe zviremera zvakazogadzira kurambidzwa kwakawanda, chihedheni kune tambo isingaoneki yeutera muOrthodoxy, zvachose mumuromo mutsika dzeRussia uye tsika. Uye nhasi, vanhu vazhinji vanoomerera kune vechinyakare zororo reSlavic: Maslensa, Ivan Kupala, shin, yakachena China, zvikuru uye vamwe.
Uye zvakatowanda - zvino, mumakumi emakore apfuura, zvishoma nezvishoma zvichikura tsika yetsika yakatanga kucherechedzwa. Kune nharaunda dzakawanda dzinodzoreredza tsika dzeNative uye uuye kune wese kwavari. Ivo vanoratidza kuvanhu ruzivo, refu kunge vari mukubviswa, izvo zvinobatsira pakugadzira hupenyu hwavo hunofadza, hwakabudirira uye hwakabudirira.
Kana iwe uchida kuwana rumwe ruzivo rwakawanda pane iyi nyaya, saka ndinokupa zano kuti uzive vhidhiyo inotevera: