Imfundiso ngayinye engokomoya inezincwadi zayo ezingcwele, lapho izisekelo zenkolo zilotshwe khona. Kodwa-ke, akulula kangako ngeBuddha, ngoba lokhu kufundisa ngokomoya kuhlukaniswe ngezinkomba ezimbalwa ezihlukile kakhulu komunye nomunye. Thatha okungenani inkolo yeBon, okubuye kubeyinile kuBuddha, kepha akaziwa nguDalai Lama. Kwesinye isikhathi umbono oqhubekayo udaliwe ukuthi izinkomba ezahlukahlukene zobuBuddha ziyizinkolo ezahlukile.
Umngani wami wenza uhambo lwamuva nje embusweni wama-mustang (Nepal) futhi waletha imibono emangalisayo yenkolo yeBon, eyayikhona eTibet Kudala ngaphambi kokuzalwa kweGautam Siddhartha - Umsunguli WamaBuddha. Namuhla ngizokutshela ukuthi incwadi engcwele kaBuddhism iyinhloko futhi njengoba ibizwa ngawo. Ukuze kungabikho ukudideka kulolu daba, sizobheka kafushane yonke imithombo yamaBuddhist eyaziwayo.
Imikhombandlela ehlukahlukene kuBuddha
Thola ukuthi yini elindelwe namuhla - i-horoscope yanamuhla kuzo zonke izibonakaliso ze-zodiacIzicelo eziningi zababhalisile, silungiselele uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-horoscope olunembile lwefoni ephathekayo. Izibikezeli zizofika ukuze uthole uphawu lwe-zodiac njalo ekuseni - akunakwenzeka ukuthi uphuthelwe!
Landa Mahhala: Horoscope for nsuku zonke 2020 (etholakala ku-Android)
Uma uxhumana nommeleli wenkolo bon, bese uzwa ngokuba khona kobuningi bamakha. Izigidigidi zemimoya zihlala emhlabeni, esifundweni ngasinye isifiso sokomoya esihlukile. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi iBon ingekaShamanism, ngoba yiyona kahle "ukubambisana" nemimoya.
Kodwa-ke, umuntu ongalungile uzodukiswa kalula ngokufundwa kwe-mantra kanye nezindela zabamele izimali zenkolo bon, okunzima ukuhlukanisa kusuka kuButa Buddha. Ngoba igama elithi "uBuddha" lihunyushwa ngokuthi "ukuvuswa", futhi labo babizelwa ngokuphelele konke okuseTibet - kanye nabameleli benkolo bon, kubandakanya.
Uma kucatshangelwa umbuzo wobuBuddha, kufanelekile ukusho ngokuqondiswa kweZen, okuhlukile ekujuleni kwe-classic kanye nendlela enesibindi sokuqonda amaqiniso ama-Buddhist ayisisekelo. Abanye abacwaningi abakholelwa ngaphandle kwesizathu sokuthi umehluko kuBuddha yinto efana neze ukungefani ebuKristwini. Isibonelo, isiqondiso samaProthestani ne-Orthodoxy singabukwa njengezinkolo ezahlukene ngokuphelele, yize zinonkulunkulu ongashadile - uJesu Kristu. Kwenzeka into efanayo kuBuddha.
I-Tripitak - Incwadi Engcwele YeBuddha
I-Classic Buddhism ibona iloli elingcwele - i-arch yama-buddha ama-canons, abhalwe ngemuva kokushona kukaGautama Buddha.
Encwadini! Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ezivamile zamaloli amaloli asesiko lamaNdiya, amaShayina neTibetan.
Inketho yePali (Indian) idume kakhulu - ama-yetrificent. Nguye owahlala ngokuphelele. Incwadi iqukethe izigaba ezintathu:
- Amandla kaVinaina;
- I-Power Sutra;
- Amandla kagesi abhidharma.
Iloli ekuhumusheni lisho - Amabhasikidi ama-3. Phambilini, imibhalo engcwele yagcinwa kubhasikidi wamaqabunga esundu, yingakho igama lesici. Kodwa-ke, abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi igama alisebenzi kubhasikidi: Ngakho-ke eSanskrit yasendulo ebizwa ngeqoqo lento ethile noma iqoqo.
Yini ekhuluma umbhalo ongcwele wobuBuddha? Incwadi yokuqala iqophe iqoqo lemithetho elawula impilo yomphakathi we-monastic. Lona umyalo onemininingwane, olandelayo okufanele abe yisiwula. Emandleni aseNonal, kwaqoshwa imithetho engama-500, lapho izindela namaNuns ahlala khona. Inhloso yale ncwadi ukulondolozela ukuvumelana nokuhleleka komphakathi ongokomoya onengqondo.
I-Power Sutra ilandisa ngempilo kaGautama Buddha. Kuqukethe ama-sutars ayi-10,000, ababhali bawo okuthiwa bamsunguli kakhulu wabaBuddha kanye nabafundi bayo abaseduze kakhulu.
Isigaba sesithathu samaloli ukuhanjiswa kokufundisa kwamaBuddha - Dharma, ukuhlaziywa kwefilosofi kanye neziphetho ezahlukahlukene. Lesi yisisekelo sesayensi se-Theorortical of Buddhism, lapho kungekho khona eminye imiyalo nemiyalo.
Encwadini! Ngokokuqala ngqa, iloli laqoshwa amakhosi amaBuddha Sri Lanka emaqabungeni esundu alungiselelwe.
Iminyaka eminingi, izimfundiso zikaGautama Buddha zadluliswa emlonyeni ziye emlonyeni, njengoba zazinjalo ngesiko lamaHindu. Kepha ngenxa yosongo lokulahleka kolwazi, emhlanganweni wokuqala kaBuddha kwanqunywa ukuthuthukisa amaqiniso angcwele asencwadini.
Iloli liwukuphela kohlu lwezincwadi oluphelele lwamaqiniso kaBuddha. Izikhombisi ezilandelayo kanye nokugeleza kobuBuddha akuzange kushiye izikhumbuzo ezibhaliwe ezifanelwe ukunakwa.
Iloli laseChinese
Le nguqulo yemiBhalo Engcwele yasatshalaliswa eChina, eJapan naseVietnam. Inomqondo ovela emthonjeni wokuqala (orekhodwa eSanskrit) kanye nohlobo lweTibetan. Isibonelo, kulokhu okuhlukile kunemibhalo elahlekile enguqulweni yePali. AmaBuddHologists akholelwa ukuthi i-Chinese Edition ivele ngaphambili kunendlela ye-pali futhi yasebenza njengesisekelo sakhe.Uhlobo lweTibetan
Ukushicilelwa eTibetan kuqukethe izingxenye ezimbili - uGardzhura noDanjura. IGabeleShur isuselwa ekwethulweni kwamaqiniso amaBuddha (Canon), noDudjur baphawula. Uhlobo lwamaloli lweTibetan lwamaloli lukhokha kakhulu indlela engokoqobo yokufundisa, kunolwazi oluningi ngokuzindla kanye ne-tantra. U-Lama Cabanga ngenguqulo yeTibetan yamaloli njengesethi engcwele yemithetho.
Isihlobo saseKorea
AmaKorea anesethi yawo ekhethekile yemithetho abayidlulisela kuPokhanman Taan. Le Canon yaqoshwa ezibhebheni zezinkuni ezingama-6,500 yathandana nonyaka we-1087. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokuhlasela kwaseMongolia, izibonakaliso zacekelwa phansi ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke inguqulo yakamuva yamaloli yafinyelela kulolu suku, yathandana ngo-1251. Le Canon ibhekwa njengephelele kunazo zonke izinketho zakudala ezigciniwe.
Kulezi zinguqulo, izincwadi ezingcwele azipheli, ngoba endaweni ngayinye bekukhona inguqulo yamaloli ngaphandle kwabanye. Kulula ukuchaza ukuntuleka kokuxhumana okuthunyelwe nokusheshayo phakathi kwamazwe. Kepha ngekhulu le-18, lesi simo sesishintshile: ekugcineni i-canon yadalwa, eyayidalelwa ematsheni amatshe.
Amaloli we-TD ahlanganisiwe
Ngo-1780, kwenzeke iphoyisa lamaBuddha eBurma, lapho izindela eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2,5 zanquma ukuhlanganisa umbhalo wamaloli. Umsebenzi omningi wenziwa ekubuyisaneni kwemibhalo ehlakazekile yamasiko amathathu ahlukene - Hindu, Chinese kanye neTibetan. Ngenxa yalokho, umbhalo onobuhlazwe waqoshwa emapuletini amamabula angama-729, ukuze athuthukise iqiniso ngobunye. Ngombhalo ngamunye wemabula nombhalo ongcwele orekhodiwe, kwadalwa ithempeli elincane elihlukile. Ukuqoqwa kwamathempeli amancane (Spivas) kuyinkimbinkimbi yethempeli ebizwa nge-Kuto-to Payya.Le nkimbinkimbi yindawo engcwele yabalandeli abaningi beBuddha. Itholakala eMyanmar (Burma), edolobheni laseMandalay. I-Temple Complex ithathwa njengencwadi enkulu yamatshe emhlabeni, ngoba izothatha izinsuku ezingama-450. Kuthathe iminyaka engu-8 ukwakha ikhambi lethempeli, ngoba imigqa eyi-10 yombhalo ongcwele kuphela yaqoshwa etsheni.
Ngemuva kwesikhashana, eduze nenkathi yethempeli, kwakhiwa incwadi ethi Lampran of Sadmanni Payya, lapho amazwana emabhodini ayengafa etsheni.
Ngo-1900, iloli laphrintiwe ephepheni, liholele kumavolumu angama-38, ngalinye lalo liqukethe amakhasi angama-400.
Ukugcina
Emlandweni wokuvela kwamabhasi angcwele Buddha kunomzuzu owodwa obucayi: Yimiphi yemithombo eyiqiniso, ayikaziwa ngokwethembekile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iminyaka eminingi imfundiso yathunyelwa emlonyeni waya emlonyeni futhi ayiqoshwa. Baqopha umbhalo kamuva nje lapho ingozi yokuhlanekezela kweqiniso emibikweni evunyeziweyo yabalandeli abaningi bakwaBuddha kwavela.
Kodwa-ke, imithombo yasekuqaleni ayizange iphile kulolu suku lwanamuhla, njengoba yayilahleka ngokungenakuphikiswa ngesikhathi sezikhathi zokunqoba kwamaMongolia nezamaSulumane. Yonke imitapo yolwazi yeBuddha kanye nezindela ezibhujiswa ngomusa. Leyo mibhalo eye yasungula isisekelo se-canon enobunye ingaqukatha ukuhlanekekezela okubalulekile. Kepha ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izimfundiso eziyiqiniso zikaGautama Buddha, inzalo yayingamiswanga.