Izinhlobo zokucabanga nge-psychology: Yini ekhona, incazelo yawo

Isayensi ye-Psychology ithola ukucabanga ngenqubo yemisebenzi efundisayo yomuntu ngamunye lapho kuboniswa khona okujwayelekile nokungaqondile kwangempela kwangempela kujwayelekile. Le nqubo ifaka izakhiwo ezithile, kunezinhlobo ezihlukile zokucabanga. Sizokhuluma kabanzi mayelana nalokhu okukulesi sihloko.

Izakhiwo zokucabanga

Izakhiwo zokucabanga komuntu zisivumela ukubona umhlaba osizungezile njengoba sikubona. Kusuka ezizakhiweni ongazishayela njenge:

1. Ukudla - Kuyisici esiyinhloko sokucabanga. Ukuba khona kwalo kwenzelwe ukusho ngomgomo othile wokugcina, umcabango unikeza impendulo yemibuzo ephakanyisiwe (futhi okwenzeka njalo akubalulekile ngaso sonke isikhathi, kungahle kube ngokuhlukile).
2. Futhi ukucabanga kuhlukaniswe: Okuhle noma okubi . Ngemuva kwakho konke, kunenzuzo yonke into eyenzeka empilweni yakhe, umuntu ubona ngokusebenzisa intengo yemicabango yomuntu siqu nokufakwa kwangaphakathi. Othile wenza isici esibi kuphela (ukubonakaliswa kokucabanga okungalungile). Futhi omunye umuntu, kunalokho, ngisho ne-negative ithola okuthile okuhle (inkomba yokucabanga okuhle). Ochwepheshe be-Psychology bangenakulinganiswa ngombono wabo wokuthi isigaba sakamuva sezakhamizi (abanethembana) bazizwa bengcono kakhulu kunabo.
3. Imisebenzi yokucabanga ithunyelwa noma Esikhathini esedlule noma ngokuzayo . Esimweni sokuqala, lowo muntu uthanda ukuhlaziya ukuthi kungani kwenzeka izehlakalo njengoba kwenzeka, zivuselela izenzo zazo ekhanda, zigxeka ngenxa yamaphutha nokunye. Uma kwenzeka kubhekiselwa ekucabangeni komuntu ozayo uzocabanga ngezixazululo ezingaba khona ezinkingeni ezizayo.
4. Umsebenzi ozimele ku-Obligatory Kwakha imiqondo . Ibonisa izimo ezahlukahlukene, izehlakalo, izinto, ziluhlele, ziqhathaniswa, zizama ukuthola umehluko nokunye.
5. Akunakwenzeka ukubiza inhloso yokucabanga Njengoba ihlala ihlukaniswa ngokuzithoba. Lokhu kungenxa yokwengeza imizwa yomuntu siqu, imicabango nemizwa. Izakhiwo ezisohlwini zenza abantu abacabanga ngobuhlakani baveze bona, bakha okuthile okudlulisa imibono yabo nezithombe.
6. Ukucabanga kunengqondo . Ngaphezu kwalokho, akukhona kuzo zonke izimo zilungile, kepha ukuba khona kwaso akunjalo.
7. Kulinganiselwa futhi akukathuthukiswa ukucabanga . Inketho yesibili iyiqiniso, kumiswe kuphela izingane, kanye nobuntu obungenakuqhathaniswa abangafuni ukuhlaziya okwenzekayo. Abantu abanjalo banesifiso kuphela kumvelo yemvelo nezidingo ezilula. Esicingeni esikhulu samacala, abantu abadala bathuthukise ukucabanga, okuthuthukile impilo yakhe yonke.

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Ngenxa yezakhiwo zokucabanga, izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zibheka izinqubo zengqondo ezivela kumaphuzu ahlukile wokubuka. Lokhu kwengxenye yako kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuqhubeka nokufunda okwenzeka njalo nathi.

Izinhlobo Zomuntu Ukucabanga

Manje ake siphendukele ezicini zezinhlobo zokucabanga komuntu. Kwenzeka kanjani?

Iyasebenza kahle

Ngalolu hlobo lomsebenzi wezengqondo, kujwayelekile ukuthi umuntu ngamunye axazulule imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ebalulekile, enza ukuguqulwa kwangempela, ngokomzimba okwenzekayo, uvivinya izakhiwo ezahlukahlukene zezinto.

Ebuntweni, ngokusobala umsebenzi wengqondo osebenzayo unesibopho sokuvela kokucabanga nokuthuthuka kwawo. Ngobuntu obuvuthiwe, lolu hlobo luvame ukuhambisana nomsebenzi obonakalayo nowokucabanga onengqondo.

Vite-fudula

Kusho ukubonwa kwengqondo okwenzekayo nokwenza izinguquko. Umsebenzi owenziwe kahle ukuvumela ukuthi udale ngokuphelele izakhiwo zangempela zezinto. Ngasikhathi sinye, umbono ohlukahlukene wesithombe uqoshwa esithombeni ngasikhathi sinye.

Isici esikhulu sokuhlukanisa ukwahlukanisa kwalokhu kucabanga kufakwa okujwayelekile, "okumangalisayo" ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto nezici zawo. Ngokuchithwa kwalokho okungacishe kungahlukaniswanga emcabangweni.

Umungcial-logical

Ihambisana nemigomo ehlukile enezakhiwo ezinengqondo. Ukucabanga okungokwengqondo okunengqondo kunesisekelo sezimali zoLimi futhi kusebenza njengesigaba sakamuva sokwenza ngcono okungokomlando nokwenziwayo. Ngokwesakhiwo, lolu hlobo lomsebenzi wezengqondo luyakha futhi luqinisekisa ukusebenza kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokujwayelekile.

Theoretical

Kuyaqondakala ukuthi ukuphikisana kokuqala kwalesi sigameko, esihlaziywa yinkinga kuhlaziywa futhi kuhlaziywe. Ngenxa yokucinga kwezindlela zokuqedwa, ukungqubuzana kwakhiwa yindlela yokwenza. Okugcinayo kwengxenye yalo kunomthelela ekuxazululeni wonke amakilasi emisebenzi.

Ukuba khona kokucabanga kwethiyori kusho ukuhlaziywa kwezici zangaphakathi ze-phenomena ezifundwayo. Ivumela ushintsho lwengqondo entweni efundwayo, okuveza kahle ngokwengeziwe izici zalo zokujula nobudlelwano.

Kulokhu, umehluko phakathi kokucabanga kwethiyori naqinisile kulandelwa. Okwesibili kususelwa ku-Generalization yezimpawu zedatha ezibonakalayo ezizwakalayo nobudlelwano. Abantu abacabanga ngemibono, njengomthetho, baba ososayensi.

-Sebenzekayo

Yenza enye yezinhlobo zokucabanga, iyi-analogue yokucabanga kwethiyori. Kulokhu, imigomo ethile isethwe, amacebo ayakhiwa, amaphrojekthi. Imvamisa, imisebenzi yenziwa ngemuva kokwehluleka okwesikhashana, okwenza imisebenzi yengqondo esebenzayo ibe nzima kakhulu kunokuba ibe nzima kakhulu kune-theoretical.

-Dalayo

Abantu abacabanga ngobuqili bangakha umkhiqizo omusha ngokuphelele noma basebenzise izinto ezinkulu emsebenzini wokuqonda. Okuhlobene nesisusa, izinhloso, ukulinganisa, izincazelo.

Umsebenzi wokudala awufani nezinqubo zokusebenzisa ulwazi olwenziwe ngomumo, amakhono (ukucabanga kokuzala).

I-PARRAGIC

Isebenza ngesigaba sokuqala sokwakhiwa kokucabanga, lapho imithetho yayo eyinhloko yengqondo ingakakhiwa ngokuphelele. Ngasikhathi sinye, ubudlelwane be-causausal sebevele bedaliwe, kepha umnyombo wawo unikezwa ngefomu lami.

Konke okwenzekayo kuyahlaziywa ngokuba khona kwesizathu nomphumela. Lolu hlobo lomsebenzi wezengqondo luchaza ukubandakanyeka kwemicimbi ehlanganiswe ngesikhathi nangesikhala. Abamele kulokhu kucabanga bangachaza cishe konke okwenzekayo eqinisweni ezungezile.

Isici esibonakalayo sokucabanga okubonakalayo kungukuxhumana okusondelene nomhlaba wemvelo, iningi lazo zonke - nezilwane. Ngomcabango onjalo, umuntu ngamunye ubona izimo zemvelo nezenhlalo ngesimo sezinqubo ezihambisana futhi ezilwa namandla ahlukahlukene angabonakali.

Umsebenzi wezengqondo we-Trarlogic ukhiqiza umlingo - okungukuthi, isifiso sokuthonya okungokoqobo okuzungezile, ukuqondiswa ukuxhumana phakathi kwazo zonke izinto ezikhona (indawo ethile emphakathini wokuqala).

Ezinye izinhlobo zokucabanga

Sajwayelana nezinhlobo eziphambili zemisebenzi yezengqondo. Kepha inqwaba yososayensi isebenzisa izibonakaliso ezintathu (ukugeleza kwezinqubo, ukuhlelwa kanye nezinga lokugeleza kwabo), ukwabiwa okubonisa okubonakalayo nokuhlaziya imisebenzi. Cabanga ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane.

• -Ihlaziya - Kwehluka ngohlaka lwesikhashana, kusungula ngokucacile izigaba ezizibonayo umuntu azi kahle.
• -Okuzibonela ngenhliziyo , kunalokho, kusha ngesikhathi, akuhlukaniswa ngezinyathelo. Kutholwa ukwazi.
• Iqiniso - Kugxilwe empilweni yangaphandle, imithetho ye-logic iyakuthinta.
• I-Autistic - kuleso simo Kwenziwe ngokukhethekile izifiso zabo kanye nezinhloso zomuntu ngamunye.
• Elocentric - Banenqwaba yabasenkulisa. Kuyazibonakalisa ngendlela yokungakwazi ukuzibeka endaweni yomunye umuntu.

1. I. Kalkykov ubheka ezinye izinhlobo ezimbili zokucabanga: Khiqiza (Creative) nomsebenzi wezengqondo wokuzala. Kukholelwa ukuthi ukucabanga kuhlala kukhiqiza, njengoba kuhloswe ngalo ukuthola ulwazi olusha. Ngasikhathi sinye kwenza inhlanganisela izingxenye ezikhiqizayo nezikhiqizwayo.

• -Ngapheli - Kubhekwa njengohlobo olunjalo lomsebenzi wezengqondo, lapho imisebenzi ixazululwa yilezo zindlela umuntu osevele enazo. Futhi imisebenzi emisha iyahlaziywa ngezindlela ezivele zaziwa zokuxazulula izinkinga. Futhi, umsebenzi wokuzala udinga izinga elithile lokuzimela komuntu ngamunye.
• Khiqiza (Creative) - Ikuvumela ukuthi uzibonakalise ngokuphelele ngamakhono abantu engqondo, uyiveze kumakhono okudala. Ngasikhathi sinye, amandla okudala abonakalisa ukuwaqonda ngokushesha okukhulu, ayisebenzise ezimeni ezintsha, akuphathe ngokuzimela.

Inani elikhulu lezazi zezengqondo zasekhaya nezangaphandle (ngokwesibonelo, uG. Gil. Kostyuk, uJ. Gilford nabanye) baphetha ngokuthi ukucabanga okukhiqizayo kuyinhlanganisela yezici zengqondo ezibhekele izinguquko ezikhiqizayo emisebenzini yomuntu ngamunye.

Lolu hlobo lomsebenzi wezengqondo lubonakala ngezici ezi-4 ezijwayelekile:

• umsuka wokuxazulula inkinga;
• ukuguquguquka kwe-semantic (okudingekayo ukuze umuntu abheke okwenzekayo kusuka endaweni entsha yokubuka);
• Ukuguquguquka okuguquguqukayo okumisiwe (kukuvumela ukuthi ushintshe isimo, ukuthuthukisa isidingo solwazi);
• Ukuguquguquka okuzenzakalelayo okuzenzakalelayo (kubonakalisa njengokukhiqizwa kwemibono ehlukene ephathelene nezimo ezingaqinisekile).

Uma ufuna ukuthola imininingwane engaphezulu ngesihloko - Buka ividiyo elandelayo: