Lapho indodana yami ihlala kahle, mina nomyeni wami sasihamba siyosebenza nekhanda ukuze sinikeze ingane ukuthengwa kwemithi nokuhlinzwa. Umama waya ekuhambeni. Ngilethe ikhophi lesithonjana esidumile lapho, selenga eceleni kombhede wengane yakhe ... Ekugcineni lapho ukwelashwa kwaqala ukunikeza izithelo zazo ezinde ezilindwe isikhathi eside. Futhi lapho indodana ilulama ngokuphelele futhi wonke umndeni ukhishwa impumuzo, ngaqala ukuba nentshisekelo, hlobo luni lwesithombe oluyisimangaliso esinjalo? Bengifuna imininingwane yonke indawo - ebuza esontweni, wabhala ezihlahleni zenkolo, ne-Google nje. Futhi yilokho engikufundile ...
Umlando wokubhala nokubukeka kwakhe eRussia
Isiko lithi: Lesi sithombe sabhala umphostoli uLuka uqobo . Futhi njengesisekelo, wakhetha iBhodi yetafula, walandelwa yintokazi kaNkulunkulu nendodana yakhe. Ukubona isithonjana, uMaria wathi: "Makuzelwe kimi, kuzalwe kimi, owazalelwa kimi."
Thola ukuthi yini elindelwe namuhla - i-horoscope yanamuhla kuzo zonke izibonakaliso ze-zodiac
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-12, isithonjana sokuqala sasiseConstantinople. Ukuze kuqinise ubungane namaKristu aseRussia, kusuka kwizithonjana kwenze uhlu oludluliselwe eKiev . Inkosana yahlangana nayo ngokuhlonishwa futhi yayalwa ukuba ibeke esigodlweni sezindela esinamagciwane.
Ngeshwa, akubona bonke abebephilile ezweni nasesihlalweni sobukhosi. Idolobha lathumba uYuri Dolgoruky. Amadodana oMkhulu axabana ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngisho nangaphambi kokufa kukaYise ahlanganyela ifa. Ekugcineni, uKnazhich andrei ngo-1155 wanquma ukusungula enye ehlukile, umbuso enyakatho yesihlalo sobukhosi saseKiev. Ngemuva kokuya lapho, wambamba ngasese naye isithombe sentokazi yethu.
Ukuma eVladimir ukuze aphumule, ngokushesha u-Andrei wanquma ukuya phambili. Kodwa-ke, amahhashi anqabile ukuhamba. Futhi ngisho nalapho amahhashi eshintsha, i-caravan ayihambanga.
UKnyashich waqala ukuthandaza eNtombikazi uMariya, futhi wabonakala kuye, wayala ukumshiya isithombe eVladimir, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, i-Cathedral ingeyokusithonjana.
Ngezicelo eziningi zabafundi, silungiselele uhlelo lokusebenza "Ikhalenda le-Orthodox" nge-smartphone. Njalo ekuseni uzothola imininingwane ngalolu suku lwamanje: amaholide, okuthunyelwe, izinsuku zokukhumbula, imithandazo, imifanekiso.
Landa Mahhala: Ikhalenda le-Orthodox 2020 (litholakala ku-Android)
U-Andrei ulalele indlovukazi yasezulwini wahlala eVladimir, ememezela idolobha lokuzwa kokuqala. Lapha isithombe sasala iminyaka engamakhulu ambalwa, yingakho futhi sathola igama laso.
Futhi ngo-1480, isithonjana sathuthwa eMoscow saya efemini yokucabanga . Kepha uVladimir Cathedral wayengeyena intandane - lapha washiya uhlu ovela kwisithonjana, umbhali walo kwakungu-Andrei rublel uqobo.
Ama-muscovites alindele isithombe esingcwele ngokuthuthumela nokuhlonipha. Lapho idolobha lahlangana khona isithombe, laze lazakhele izindela zaseSreterensky , waqanjwa igama elithi "umhlangano."
Ngemuva kwenguquko, ithedrali ye-ASUCLE yavalwa. Ngenhlanhla, isithonjana sakudala asishiswanga, kodwa sasindiswa, sibala umsebenzi wobuciko. Okuningi Ususwe egalari ye-Tretakov.
Futhi manje ezinsukwini zethu, ngo-1999, isithombe sabuya saya esontweni, saya ethempelini laseSt. Nicholas (tolmachi).
Yiziphi izimangaliso ezikhona zalesi sithonjana?
- 1237 unyaka. Ibutho likaKhan Batya lathumba lo muzi, iCathedral yashiswa, kwaphangwa amaholo izithonjana. Kepha ukukhonkotha okungcwele kwendlovukazi yezulu kwahlala kungalimalanga.
- 1395 unyaka. Ukuvikela i-MoScow emabuthweni e-Khan Tamerlana, kusukela eVladimir yaletha isithonjana (empeleni, ngakho-ke ama-muscovites alindele ukufika kwakhe kakhulu). Yonke indlela ethembisayo ethwalwa ngayo izandla nemikhuleko. Futhi isimangaliso senzekile: Ibutho alizange lihlasele idolobha, libuyela emuva. Ngokusho kwenganekwane, uKhan wayenowesifazane omuhle ohola amabutho amakhulu asongela ibutho lakhe.
- 1451 unyaka. UMoscow wasongela amabutho amaTatar ngaphansi kobuholi be-nogait masseli. I-Metropolitan yaseMoscow yahlela ukudonswa komuzi wazungeza idolobha ngesithonjana sentokazi yethu ekhanda, nezitha ziphindiselwe emuva.
- 1521 unyaka. Umama kaNkulunkulu wasindisa eMoscow, kulokhu - kusukela eKhan Makhit-Gurcha, ibutho lakhe lalingenakuthatha idolobha.
Kepha lesi sithonjana saziwa futhi sabaningi Ukuphulukiswa okumangalisayo.
- Abashadikazi bePrince Andrei, kamuva babizwa ngokuthi yiBogolyubsky, kwakungukuzalwa okunzima. Kepha lapho isithonjana sentokazi yethu (esevele ngalezo zinsuku sabuzwa ngokuyisimangaliso) sasonga amanzi futhi la manzi sanikezwa ukuphuza inkosazana, wabeletha ingane enempilo.
- Okunye Ukukhulelwe, kulokhu oshade naye umpristi, wakhuleka kulesi sithonjana, emva kwalokho umama kaNkulunkulu wamsindisa ehhashini elimnandi.
- Okubaluleke kakhulu esigodlweni sezindela salethwa ngamanzi, okwageza izithonjana zobuso - waphulukiswa ngenxa yobumpumputhe.
- Owesifazane ogama lakhe lingu-Efimia iminyaka eyisikhombisa eyisikhombisa wabhekana nesifo senhliziyo. Lapho esefundile ngezimangaliso zesithonjana seVladimir, wathumela ukuqondana okuphanayo kuye - ubucwebe obukhulu obuyigugu. Ngokubonga ngabo, umpristi wamlethela amanzi angcwele angcwele. Ukuphuza, ogulayo waphiliswa.
Futhi lokhu akuyona uhlu oluphelele lwezimangaliso.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, hhayi kuphela isithonjana se-vladimir sokuqala, kepha futhi nezinhlu ezibhaliwe ezivela kuyo ziyehluka ekuphulukeni okuhle.
Inani lesithombe
Ngokusho kohlobo lwesithonjana (ukubhala), lesi sithonjana sithi "ElesEusa", okungukuthi, "oing". Ubonisa ubumnene ubusa phakathi kweNtombikazi yakhe nendodana yakhe.
Isithonjana esithinta inhliziyo esinjalo asikwazi ukwehluleka ukwenza isithunzi.
Okujulile, okushiwo imfundiso yenkolo yesithombe: Indlovukazi yasezulwini iyisintandane somphefumlo, ukujabulela ngokweqiniso ukuxhumana neNdodana kaNkulunkulu.
Izithonjana ezine-nto nto kaMaria nazo zidonswa kule ndlela:
Yini asisiza ngayo abantu ayephila nabo?
- Isiza ukuthatha ikhambi eliyinselele, thola indlela efanelekile ezimweni zokuphila ezididayo.
- Ukuqinisa ukholo lwayo, kunika amabutho angokomoya ngezikhathi ezinzima.
- Kuvikela ebuthalweni, emcabangweni wesono.
- Isiza ekwelapheni izifo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi ezihlobene nezinhlaka zombono noma zohlelo lwenhliziyo.
- Kusiza ukuzalwa kwengane.
- Kuvikela ubudlelwane noma umshado kusuka ekubuseni.
- Ukuzamazama ezingozini, ukufa okungahleliwe.
Ungathandaza kanjani ngaphambi kwalesi sithonjana?
Vele, iningi labantu liphendukela ethempelini ngamazwi alo.
Kepha kunemikhuleko ekhethekile eyenzelwe ukuxhumana kwesikhathi eside ekhaya ngesithonjana. Nanku umbhalo wabo:
Futhi lo ngumkhuleko wezingane. Kwakuwumndeni wakhe owamfunda:
Kepha yimiphi imithandazo ehlolwe ngumfanekiso ongcwele esontweni: kule vidiyo uzokuzwa umsindo we-Akathatist ephakeme futhi omuhle kakhulu (ama-pub-ukubonga amahubo) ngesithombe sikaNkulunkulu kaVladimir sikaNkulunkulu.
Luphi lobuso obumangalisayo beNtokazi Yethu Manje?
Isithonjana sendawo yaphakade - ISonto LaseSt Nicholas, eliseTolmach . Ungokwamagalari we-Tretakov njengesonto lendlu. Kunezinhlamvu zezivakashi lapha, futhi nasezinsizakalweni zokuziphatha kwethempeli.By the way, kule ndawo ingakhothama kwezinye izinto ezibalulekile zokholo lwethu. Isibonelo, "UZiqu-zintathu" Andrei rublev.
Futhi kwisithonjana samaholide esiseduzane siyangena I-Moscow Assuse Cathedral (Kremlin).
Izinsuku zezithombe zokuhlonipha
- Meyi 21 (futhi uma ngesitayela esisha, ke ngoJuni 3) . Ngalolu suku, isithonjana siyakhunjulwa ukunqoba ukunqoba kukaRusich phezu kweTatar-Mongol Khan Mehmet-Gyrey.
- NgoJuni 23 (noma ngoJulayi 6) . Dumisa ukunqoba phezu kweTatar Iga ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-15.
- Agasti 26 (noma Septhemba 8) . Futhi ngalolu suku kunezimo ezimbili ezibalulekile ngasikhathi sinye: ukunqoba ngaphezulu kweTamerlane kanye nesenzo sesithonjana samaSulumane.
Ake sifingqe: Into ebaluleke kakhulu kwizindlela eziningana
- Isithonjana se-Vladimir sentokazi yethu uhlelo lohlu lwesithombe esenziwe nguLube oNgcwele uqobo. Udale lolu hlu lwaluseConstantinople ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-12 nge-Kiev Prince.
- U-Andrei, indodana Yuri Dolgoruky, wahambisa isithombe eVladimir. Isimangaliso senzeka lapho - isithonjana esifisa ukuhlala kuleli dolobha. Ngenxa yalokhu, waba negama lawo.
- Izimangaliso ezihambisana nalesi sikhotho se-lykomos: ukubuyela emuva kwamasosha ezitha, ukuphulukiswa okumangalisayo kwabantu.
- Namuhla, isithonjana singakhothama eMoscow: kungaba esontweni laseSt. Nicholas (Tolmachi) noma eKremlin 'Cathedral.
Kepha ungakhohlwa ukuthi noma yisiphi isithonjana esidala asisiwo kuphela ngokomoya, kodwa futhi namagugu amasiko abantu. Le yindlela abantu bezobuciko babona ngayo lesi sithombe: